List of English Publications* by Japanese Scientists and Their Associates Concerning Wild Chimpanzees and Other Wildlife in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania


(*: English abstracts of oral/poster presentations and publicationswritten in Japanese with English summary or throughout in Japaneseare not included.)


                        Compiled by Toshisada Nishida and Shigeo Uehara
                        with assistance from Michael A. Huffman  (as of
                        November 15, 1995)                                                       
Published in: 1968 1970 1971 1972 1973 1975 1976 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 In press

1968

(1) Nishida, T., 1968. The social group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahali Mountains. Primates, 9: 167-224.

1970

(2) Nishida, T., 1970. Social behavior and relationship among wild chimpanzees of the Mahali Mountains. Primates, 11: 47-87.

1971

(3) Kano, T., 1971. Distribution of the primates on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika. Primates, 12: 281-304.

1972

(4) Kano, T., 1972. Distribution and adaptation of the chimpanzee on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika. Kyoto University African Studies, 7: 37-129. (5) Nishida, T., 1972. A note on the ecology of the red-colobus monkeys (Colobus badius tephrosceles) living in the Mahali Mountains. Primates, 13: 57-64. (6) Nishida, T. & K. Kawanaka, 1972. Inter-unit-group relationships among wild chimpanzees of the Mahali Mountains. Kyoto University African Studies, 7: 131-169.

1973

(7) Nishida, T., 1973. The ant-gathering behaviour by the use of tools among wild chimpanzees of the Mahali Mountains. Journal of Human Evolution, 2: 357-370.

1975

(8) Kawanaka, K. & T. Nishida, 1975. Recent advances in the study of inter-unit-group relationships and social structure of wild chimpanzees of the Mahali Mountains. In: Proceedings from the Symposia of the 5th Congress of the International Primatological Society, Nagoya, Japan, August 1974, S. Kondo, M. Kawai, A. Ehara & S. Kawamura (eds.). Japan Science Press, Tokyo, pp. 173-186.

1976

(9) Nishida, T., 1976. The bark-eating habits in primates, with special reference to their status in the diet of wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 25: 277-287.

1978

(10) McGrew, W. C. & C. E. G. Tutin, 1978. Evidence for a social custom in wild chimpanzees? Man (n.s.), 13: 234-251.

1979

(11) Nishida, T., 1979. The social structure of chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. In: The Great Apes, D. A. Hamburg & E. R. McCown (eds.), Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, pp. 73-121. (12) Nishida, T., S. Uehara & R. Nyundo, 1979. Predatory behavior among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates, 20: 1-20.

1980

(13) Anonymous (Mission from the Japan International Cooperation Agency), 1980. Mahale: Study for the Proposed Mahale Mountains National Park (Final Report, May 1980). Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo. (14) Itani, J., 1980. Social structure of African great apes. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 28: 33-41. (15) Nishida, T., 1980. The leaf-clipping display: A newly-discovered expressive gesture in wild chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution, 9: 117-128. (16) Nishida, T., 1980. Local differences in responses to water among wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 33: 189-209. (17) Nishida, T., 1980. On inter-unit-group aggression and intra-group cannibalism among wild chimpanzees. Human Ethology Newsletter, 31: 21-24. (18) Nishida, T. & S. Uehara, 1980. Chimpanzees, tools, and termites: Another example from Tanzania. Current Anthropology, 21: 671-672.

1981

(19) Kawanaka, K., 1981. Infanticide and cannibalism in chimpanzees, with special reference to the newly observed case in the Mahale Mountains. African Study Monographs, 1: 69-99. (20) Nishida, T., J. Itani, M. Hiraiwa & T. Hasegawa, 1981. A newly- discovered population of Colobus angolensis in East Africa. Primates, 22: 557-563. (21) Nishida, T. & S. Uehara, 1981. Kitongwe names of plants: A preliminary listing. African Study Monographs, 1: 109-131.

1982

(22) Kawanaka, K., 1982. Further studies on predation by chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates, 23: 364-384. (23) Kawanaka, K., 1982. A case of inter-unit-group encounter in chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates, 23: 558-562. (24) Mori, A., 1982. An ethological study on chimpanzees at the artificial feeding place in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania, with special reference to the booming situation. Primates, 23: 45-65. (25) Nishida, T. & M. Hiraiwa, 1982. Natural history of a tool-using behavior by wild chimpanzees in feeding upon wood-boring ants. Journal of Human Evolution, 11: 73-99. (26) Norikoshi, K., 1982. One observed case of cannibalism among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates, 23: 66-74. (27) Uehara, S., 1982. Seasonal changes in the techniques employed by wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania, to feed on termites (Pseudacanthotermes spiniger). Folia Primatologica, 37: 44-76.

1983

(28) Hasegawa, T., M. Hiraiwa, T. Nishida & H. Takasaki, 1983. New evidence on scavenging behavior in wild chimpanzees. Current Anthropology, 24: 231-232. (29) Hasegawa, T. & M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, 1983. Opportunistic and restrictive matings among wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Journal of Ethology, 1: 75-85. (30) Mori, A., 1983. Comparison of the communicative vocalizations and behaviors of group ranging in eastern gorillas, chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees. Primates, 24: 486-500. (31) Nishida, T., 1983. Alloparental behavior in wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Folia Primatologica, 41: 1-33. (32) Nishida, T., 1983. Alpha status and agonistic alliance in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Primates, 24: 318- 336. (33) Nishida, T. & S. Uehara, 1983. Natural diet of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Long-term record from the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 3: 109-130. (34) Nishida, T., R. W. Wrangham, J. Goodall & S. Uehara, 1983. Local differences in plant-feeding habits of chimpanzees between the Mahale Mountains and Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution, 12: 467-480. (35) Norikoshi, K., 1983. Prevalent phenomenon of predation observed among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon, 91: 475-479. (36) Takasaki, H., 1983. Mahale chimpanzees taste mangoes: Toward acquisition of a new food item? Primates, 24: 273-275. (37) Takasaki, H., 1983. Seed dispersal by chimpanzees: A preliminary note. African Study Monographs, 3: 105-108. (38) Uehara, S. & R. Nyundo, 1983. One observed case of temporary adoption of an infant by unrelated nulliparous females among wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primates, 24: 456- 466. (39) Wrangham, R. W. & T. Nishida, 1983. Aspilia spp. leaves: A puzzle in the feeding behavior of wild chimpanzees. Primates, 24: 276- 282. (40) Yasui, K. & Y. Takahata, 1983. Skeletal observation of a wild chimpanzee infant (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) from the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 4: 129-138.

1984

(41) Hasegawa, T. & T. Nishida, 1984. Progress report on Mahale National Park. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Newsletter, 4 March, 1984: 37-38. (42) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., T. Hasegawa & T. Nishida, 1984. Demographic study of a large-sized unit-group of chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania: A preliminary report. Primates, 25: 401-413. (43) Kawanaka, K., 1984. Association, ranging, and the social unit in chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. International Journal of Primatology, 5: 411-434. (44) Takahata, Y., T. Hasegawa & T. Nishida, 1984. Chimpanzee predation in the Mahale Mountains from August 1979 to May 1982. International Journal of Primatology, 5: 213-233. (45) Takasaki, H. & S. Uehara, 1984. Seed dispersal by chimpanzees: Supplementary note 1. African Study Monographs, 5: 91-92.

1985

(46) Collins, D. A. & W. C. McGrew, 1985. Chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) choice of prey among termites (Macrotermitinae) in Western Tanzania. Primates, 26: 375-389. (47) Hayaki, H., 1985. Copulation of adolescent male chimpanzees, with special reference to the influence of adult males, in the Mahale National Park, Tanzania. Folia Primatologica, 44: 148-160. (48) Hayaki, H., 1985. Social play of juvenile and adolescent chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 26: 343-360. (49) McGrew, W. C. & D. A. Collins, 1985. Tool use by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to obtain termites (Macrotermes herus) in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. American Journal of Primatology, 9: 47-62. (50) Nishida, T., 1985. The Mahale Mountains declared a national park. International Primate Protection League Newsletter, 12(3): 9 (December, 1985). (51) Nishida, T. & M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, 1985. Responses to a stranger mother-son pair in the wild chimpanzee: A case report. Primates, 26: 1-13. (52) Nishida, T., M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa & Y. Takahata, 1985. Group extinction and female transfer in wild chimpanzees in the Mahale National Park, Tanzania. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie, 67: 284-301. (53) Nishida, T. & K. Kawanaka, 1985. Within-group cannibalism by adult male chimpanzees. Primates, 26: 274-284. (54) Rodriguez, E., M. Aregullin, T. Nishida, S. Uehara, R. W. Wrangham, Z. Abramowski, A. Finlayson & G. H. N. Towers, 1985. Thiarubrine A, a bioactive constituent of Aspilia (Asteraceae) consumed by wild chimpanzees. Experientia, 41: 419-420. (55) Takahata, Y., 1985. Adult male chimpanzees kill and eat a male newborn infant: Newly observed intragroup infanticide and cannibalism in Mahale National Park, Tanzania. Folia Primatologica, 44: 161-170. (56) Takasaki, H., 1985. Female life history and mating patterns among the M group chimpanzees of the Mahale National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 26: 121-129.

1986

(57) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., R. W. Byrne, H. Takasaki & J. M. E. Byrne, 1986. Aggression toward large carnivores by wild chimpanzees of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Folia Primatologica, 47: 8-13. (58) Takahata, Y., M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, H. Takasaki & R. Nyundo, 1986. Newly acquired feeding habits among the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Human Evolution, 1: 277-284. (59) Takasaki, H., M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, Y. Takahata, R. W. Byrne & T. Kano, 1986. A case of unusually early postpartum resumption of estrous cycling in a young female chimpanzee in the wild. Primates, 27: 517-519. (60) Uehara, S., 1986. Sex and group differences in feeding on animals by wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 27: 1-13.

1987

(61) Collins, D. A. & W. C. McGrew, 1987. Termite fauna related to differences in tool-use between groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Primates, 28: 457-471. (62) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., 1987. Infanticide in Primates and a possible case of male-biased infanticide in chimpanzees. In: Animal Societies; Theories and Facts, Y. Ito, J. L. Brown & J. Kikkawa (eds.), Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, pp. 125-139. (63) Nishida, T., 1987. Local traditions and cultural transmission. In: Primate Societies, B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham & T. T. Struhsaker (eds.), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 462-474. (64) Nishida, T. & M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, 1987. Chimpanzees and bonobos: Cooperative relationships among males. In: Primate Societies, B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham & T. T. Struhsaker (eds.), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 165-177. (65) Takada, H. & S. Uehara, 1987. Drosophilid flies (Diptera) in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania: A preliminary report. African Study Monographs, 7: 15-19. (66) Takasaki, H. & K. Hunt, 1987. Further medicinal plant consumption in wild chimpanzees? African Study Monographs, 8: 125-128. (67) Uehara, S. & T. Nishida, 1987. Body weights of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 72: 315-321.

1988

(68) Byrne, R. W. & J. M. E. Byrne, 1988. Leopard killers of Mahale. Natural History, 97(3): 22-26. (69) Collins, D. A. & W. C. McGrew, 1988. Habitats of three groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in western Tanzania compared. Journal of Human Evolution, 17: 553-574. (70) Hayaki, H., 1988. Association patterns of young chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 29: 147-161. (71) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M. & T. Hasegawa, 1988. A case of offspring desertion by a female chimpanzee and the behavioral changes of the abandoned offspring. Primates, 29: 319-330. (72) Nishida, T., 1988. Development of social grooming between mother and offspring in wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 50: 109- 123. (73) Okada, T., N. Asada & K. Kawanaka, 1988. A result of Drosophilid survey in Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 8: 159-163.

1989

(74) Hasegawa, T., 1989. Sexual behavior of immigrant and resident female chimpanzees at Mahale. In: Understanding Chimpanzees, P. G. Heltne & L. A. Marquardt (eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 90-103. (75) Hayaki, H., M. A. Huffman & T. Nishida, 1989. Dominance among male chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania: A preliminary study. Primates, 30: 187-197. (76) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., 1989. Sex differences in the behavioral development of chimpanzees at Mahale. In: Understanding Chimpanzees, P. G. Heltne & L. A. Marquardt (eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 104-115. (77) Huffman, M. A. & M. Seifu, 1989. Observations on the illness and consumption of a possibly medicinal plant Vernonia amygdalina Del., by a wild chimpanzee in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 30: 51-63. (78) Kawanaka, K., 1989. Age differences in social interactions of young males in a chimpanzee unit-group at the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 30: 285-305. (79) Nishida, T., 1989. A note on the chimpanzee ecology of the Ugalla area, Tanzania. Primates, 30: 129-138. (80) Nishida, T., 1989. Research at Mahale. In: Understanding Chimpanzees, P. G. Heltne & L. A. Marquardt (eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 66-67. (81) Nishida, T., 1989. Social interactions between resident and immigrant female chimpanzees. In: Understanding Chimpanzees, P. G. Heltne & L. A. Marquardt (eds.), Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 68-89. (82) Nishida, T., 1989. Social structure and dynamics of the chimpanzee: A review. In: Perspectives in Primate Biology, Vol. 3, P. K. Seth & S. Seth (eds.), Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, pp. 157-172. (83) Takahata, H. & Y. Takahata, 1989. Inter-unit-group transfer of an immature male common chimpanzee and his social interactions in the non-natal group. African Study Monographs, 9: 209-220.

1990

(84) Hasegawa, T., 1990. Sex differences in ranging patterns. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 99-114. (85) Hasegawa, T. & M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, 1990. Sperm competition and mating behavior. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 115-132. (86) Hayaki, H., 1990. Social context of pant-grunting in young chimpanzees. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 189-206. (87) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., 1990. Maternal investment before weaning. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 257-266. (88) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., 1990. Role of food sharing between mother and infant in the ontogeny of feeding behavior. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 267-275. (89) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., 1990. A note on the ontogeny of feeding. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 277-283. (90) Huffman, M. A., 1990. Some socio-behavioral manifestations of old age. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 237-255. (91) Itani, J., 1990. Safari surveys of the vegetation and the chimpanzee groups in the northern half of the Mahale Mountains. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 37-61. (92) Kawanaka, K., 1990. Alpha males' interactions and social skills. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 171-187. (93) Kawanaka, K., 1990. Age differences in ant-eating by adult and adolescent males. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 207-222. (94) Newton, P. N. & T. Nishida, 1990. Possible baccal administration of herbal drugs by wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. Animal Behaviour, 39: 798-801. (95) Nishida, T. (ed.), 1990. The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains; Sexual and Life History Strategies. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo. (96) Nishida, T., 1990. A quarter century of research in the Mahale Mountains: An overview. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 3-35. (97) Nishida, T., 1990. Deceptive behavior in young chimpanzees: An essay. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 285-290. (98) Nishida,T., H. Takasaki & Y. Takahata, 1990. Demography and reproductive profiles. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp.63-97. (99) Takahata, Y., 1990. Adult males' social relations with adult females. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 133-148. (100) Takahata, Y., 1990. Social relationships among adult males. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 149-170. (101) Takasaki, H., T. Nishida, S. Uehara, K. Norikoshi, K. Kawanaka, Y. Takahata, M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa, H. Hayaki, K. Masui & M. A. Huffman, 1990. Summary of meteorological data at Mahale research camps, 1973-1988. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life Hitory Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 291-300. (102) Uehara, S., 1990. A preliminary report on age differences in plant-feeding behavior among adult and adolescent males. In: The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains; Sexual and Life History Strategies, T. Nishida (ed.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 223-236.

1991

(103) Huffman, M. A., 1991. The use of naturally occurring plants for the possible treatment of parasite disease by wild chimpanzees. In: Window on Wildlife: Research in Tanzania, E. Niemi & A. Outwater (eds.), Tanzania Printers, Dar es Salaam, pp. 39-41. (104) Hunt, K. D., 1991. Positional behavior in the Hominoidea. International Journal of Primatology, 12: 95-118. (105) Hunt, K. D., 1991. Mechanical implications of chimpanzee positional behavior. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 86: 521-536. (106) Kawabata, M. & T. Nishida, 1991. A preliminary note on the intestinal parasites of wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primates, 32: 275-278. (107) Nishida, T., 1991. Primate gastronomy: Cultural food preferences in nonhuman primates and origins of cuisine. In: Chemical Senses, Vol. 4, Appetite and Nutrition, M. I. Friedman, M. G. Tordoff & M. R. Kare (eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp.195-209. (108) Ohigashi, H., M. Jisaka, T. Takagaki, H. Nozaki, T. Tada, M. A. Huffman, T. Nishida, M. Kaji & K. Koshimizu, 1991. Bitter principle and a related steroid glucoside from Vernonia amygdalina, a possible medicinal plant for wild chimpanzees. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 55: 1201-1203. (109) Ohigashi, H., T. Takagaki, K. Koshimizu, K. Watanabe, M. Kaji, J. Hoshino, T. Nishida, M. A. Huffman, H. Takasaki, J. Jato & D. N. Muanza, 1991. Biological activities of plant extracts from tropical Africa. African Study Monographs, 12: 201-210.

1992

(110) Hamai, M., T. Nishida, H. Takasaki & L. A. Turner, 1992. New records of within-group infanticide and cannibalism in wild chimpanzees. Primates, 33: 151-162. (111) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., 1992. Cannibalism among non-human primates. In: Cannibalism: Ecology and Evolution among Diverse Taxa, M. A. Elgar & B. J. Crespi (eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 323-338. (112) Hunt, K. D., 1992. Social rank and body weight as determinants of positional behavior in Pan troglodytes. Primates, 33: 347-357. (113) Hunt, K. D., 1992. Positional behavior of Pan troglodytes in the Mahale Mountains and Gombe Stream National Parks, Tanzania. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 87: 83-107. (114) Jisaka, M., M. Kawanaka, H. Sugiyama, K. Takegawa, M. A. Huffman, H. Ohigashi & K. Koshimizu, 1992. Antischistosomal activities of sesquiterpene lactones and steroid glucosides from Vernonia amygdalina, possibly used by wild chimpanzees against parasite- related diseases. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 56: 845-846. (115) Jisaka, M., H. Ohigashi, T. Takagi, H. Nozaki, T. Tada, M. Hirota, R. Irie, M. A. Huffman, T. Nishida, M. Kaji & K. Koshimizu, 1992. Bitter steroid glucosides, Vernoniosides A1, A2, and A3, and related B1 from a possible medicinal plant, Vernonia amygdalina, used by wild chimpanzees. Tetrahedron, 48: 625-632. (116) Massawe, E. T., 1992. Assessment of the status of chimpanzee populations in western Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 13: 35- 55. (117) Mitani, J. C., T. Hasegawa, J. Gros-Louis, P. Marler & R. Byrne, 1992. Dialects in wild chimpanzees? American Journal of Primatology, 27: 233-243. (118) Nishida, T., T. Hasegawa, H. Hayaki, Y. Takahata & S. Uehara, 1992. Meat-sharing as a coalition strategy by an alpha male chimpanzee? In: Topics in Primatology, Vol. 1: Human Origins, T. Nishida, W. C. McGrew, P. Marler, M. Pickford & F. B. M. de Waal (eds.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 159-174. (119) Page, J. E., F. Balza, T. Nishida & G. H. N. Towers, 1992. Biologically active diterpenes from Aspilia mossambicensis, a chimpanzee medicinal plant. Phytochemistry, 31: 3437-3439. (120) Uehara, S., T. Nishida, M. Hamai, T. Hasegawa, H. Hayaki, M. A. Huffman, K. Kawanaka, S. Kobayashi, J. C. Mitani, Y. Takahata, H. Takasaki & T. Tsukahara, 1992. Characteristics of predation by the chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. In: Topics in Primatology, Vol. 1: Human Origins, T. Nishida, W. C. McGrew, P. Marler, M. Pickford & F. B. M. de Waal (eds.), University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 143-158.

1993

(121) Huffman, M. A., S. Gotoh, D. Izutsu, K. Koshimizu & M. S. Kalunde, 1993. Further observations on the use of the medicinal plant, Vernonia amygdalina Del., by a wild chimpanzee, its possible effect on parasite load, and its phytochemistry. African Study Monographs, 14: 227-240. (122) Huffman, M. A. & M. S. Kalunde, 1993. Tool-assisted predation of a squirrel by a female chimpanzee in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primates, 34: 93-98. (123) Hunt, K. D., 1993. The mosaic lifeway of our australopithecine ancestors: Piecing in some fragments from the world of the chimpanzee. Anthro Quest, 47: 3-7. (124) Inagaki, H. & T. Tsukahara, 1993. A method of identifying chimpanzee hairs in lion feces. Primates, 109-112. (125) Jisaka, M., H. Ohigashi, K. Takegawa, M. Hirota, R. Irie, M. A. Huffman & K. Koshimizu, 1993. Further steroid glucosides from Vernonia amygdalina, a possible chimpanzee medicinal plant. Phytochemistry, 34: 409-413. (126) Jisaka, M., H. Ohigashi, K. Takegawa, M. A. Huffman & K. Koshimizu, 1993. Antitumor and antimicrobial activities of bitter sesquiterpene lactones of Vernonia amygdalina, a possible medicinal plant used by wild chimpanzees. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 57: 833-844. (127) Kawanaka, K., 1993. Age differences in spatial positioning of males in a chimpanzee unit-group at the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 34: 255-270. (128) Koshimizu, K., H. Ohigashi, M. A. Huffman, T. Nishida & H. Takasaki, 1993. Physiological activities and the active constituents of potentially medicinal plants used by wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. International Journal of Primatology, 14: 345-356. (129) Mitani, J. C. & T. Nishida, 1993. Contexts and social correlates of long-distance calling by male chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour, 45: 735-746. (130) Nishida, T., 1993. Left nipple suckling preference in wild chimpanzees. Ethology and Sociobiology, 14: 45-52. (131) Nishida, T., 1993. Chimpanzees are always new to me. In: The Great Ape Project: Equality beyond Humanity, P. Cavalieri & P. Singer (eds.), Fourth Estate, London, pp. 24-26. (132) Nishida, T. & M. Nakamura, 1993. Chimpanzee tool use to clear a blocked nasal passage. Folia Primatologica, 61: 218-220. (133) Tsukahara, T., 1993. Lions eat chimpanzees: The first evidence of predation by lions on wild chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology, 29: 1-11.

1994

(134) Doran, D. M. & K. D. Hunt, 1994. Comparative locomotor behavior of chimpanzees and bonobos: Species and habitat differences. In: Chimpanzee Cultures, R. W. Wrangham, W. C. McGrew, F. B. M. de Waal & P. G. Heltne (eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 93-108. (135) Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M. & T. Hasegawa, 1994. Infanticide in nonhuman primates: Sexual selection and local resource competition. In: Infanticide and Parental Care, S. Parmigiani & F. S. vom Saal (eds.), Harwood, Chur, pp. 137-154. (136) Huffman, M. A., 1994. The C. H. I. M. P. P.: A multi-disciplinary investigation into the use of medicinal plants by chimpanzees. Pan African News, 1(1): 3-5. (137) Huffman, M. A. & R. W. Wrangham, 1994. Diversity of medicinal plant use by chimpanzees in the wild. In: Chimpanzee Cultures, R. W. Wrangham, W. C. McGrew, F. B. M. de Waal & P. G. Heltne (eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 129-148. (138) Hunt, K. D., 1994. Body size effects on vertical climbing among chimpanzees. International Journal of Primatology, 15: 855-865. (139) Hunt, K. D., 1994. The evolution of human bipedality: Ecology and functional morphology. Journal of Human Evolution, 26: 183-202. (140) Koshimizu, K., H. Ohigashi & M. A. Huffman, 1994. Use of Vernonia amygdalina by wild chimpanzees: Possible role of its bitter and related constituents. Physiology and Behavior, 57: 1209-1216. (141) Mitani, J. C., 1994. Ethological studies of chimpanzee vocal behavior. In: Chimpanzee Cultures, R. W. Wrangham, W. C. McGrew, F. B. M. de Waal & P. G. Heltne (eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 195-210. (142) Mitani, J. C. & K. L. Brandt, 1994. Social factors influence the acoustic variability in the long-distance calls of male chimpanzees. Ethology, 96: 233-252. (143) Nishida, T., 1994. Review of recent findings on Mahale chimpanzees: Implications and future research directions. In: Chimpanzee Cultures, R. W. Wrangham, W. C. McGrew, F. B. M. de Waal & P. G. Heltne (eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 373-396. (144) Ohigashi, H., M. A. Huffman, D. Izutsu, K. Koshimizu, M. Kawanaka, H. Sugiyama, G. C. Kirby, D. C. Warhurst, D. Allen, C. W. Wright, J. D. Phillipson, P. Timmon-David, F. Delnas, R. Elias & G. Balansard, 1994. Toward the chemical ecology of medicinal plant-use in chimpanzees: The case of Vernonia amygdalina Del., a plant used by wild chimpanzees possibly for parasite-related diseases. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20: 541-553. (145) Uehara, S., M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, K. Hosaka & M. Hamai, 1994. The fate of defeated alpha male chimpanzees in relation to their social networks. Primates, 35: 49-55. (146) Uehara, S., T. Nishida, H. Takasaki, R. Kitopeni, M. B. Kasagula, K. Norikoshi, R. Nyundo & M. Hamai, 1994. A lone male chimpanzee in the wild: The survivor of a disintegrated unit-group. Primates, 35: 275-281.

1995

(147) Mitani, J. C. & J. Gros-Louis, 1995. Species and sex differences in the screams of chimpanzees and bonobos. International Journal of Primatology, 16: 393-411. (148) Nishida, T., K. Hosaka, M. Nakamura & M. Hamai, 1995. A within- group gang attack on a young adult male chimpanzee: Ostracism of an ill-mannered member? Primates, 36: 207-211.

In press

(149) Huffman, M. A., K. Koshimizu & H. Ohigashi, in press. Ethnobotany and zoopharmacognosy of Vernonia amygdalina Del.: A medicinal plant for humans and wild chimpanzees. In: Proceedings of the Kew International Compositae Congress, C. Jeffry et al. (eds.), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (150) Kawanaka, K., in press. Observation time and sampling intervals for measuring behavior and interactions of chimpanzees in the wild. Primates. (151) Mahaney, C. W., R. G. V. Hancock, S. Aufreiter & M. A. Huffman, in press. Geochemistry and clay minerology of termite mound soil and a possible role of geophagy in chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primates. (152) Matsumoto-Oda, A., in press. First record of a twin birth in chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. African Study Monographs. (153) Mitani, J. C., in press. Comparative studies of African ape vocal behavior. In: Great Ape Societies, W. C. McGrew, L. F. Marchant & T. Nishida (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (154) Nishida, T. & K. Hosaka, in press. Coalition strategies among adult male chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. In: Great Ape Societies, W. C. McGrew, L. F. Marchant & T. Nishida (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (155) Takahata, Y., H. Ihobe & G. Idani, in press. An inter-species comparison of copulatory activities of chimpanzees and bonobos: Do females exhibit proceptivity, or receptivity? In: Great Ape Societies, W. C. McGrew, L. F. Marchant & T. Nishida (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

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